A brief history of Darlington
The old Darlington County Courthouse in the square. CONTRIBUTED PHOTO
The old courthouse and the new building, side by side during the construction of the new courthouse. CONTRIBUTED PHOTO
The Darlington County Courthouse today. PHOTO BY STEPHAN DREW
The soon-to-be-completed Courthouse, being built on Main Street. PHOTO BY STEPHAN DREW
The stores just West of the Public Square in Darlington. PHOTO BY STEPHAN DREW
An aerial view of Downtown Darlington, circa 1970. FILE PHOTO
Nestled in the heart of South Carolina, the city of Darlington stands as a testament to the resilience, ingenuity, and vibrant culture of its residents. From its humble beginnings as a trading post to its pivotal role in the American Revolution and subsequent growth as a transportation hub, Darlington has left an indelible mark on the annals of American history. This article aims to explore the captivating narrative of Darlington, tracing its roots, major milestones, and the diverse factors that have shaped its identity over the centuries.
Long before European settlers arrived, the region now known as Darlington was home to Native American tribes such as the Pee Dee, Waccamaw, and Cheraw. These tribes lived in harmony with the land, utilizing the bountiful natural resources of the area for sustenance and trade.
In the mid-18th century, European settlers began to venture into the region. It was in 1736 that Darlington County was established and named after Darlington, England. The establishment of Long Bluff, a trading post on the Great Pee Dee River, marked a crucial moment in the area’s history, serving as a catalyst for further growth and development.
Darlington played a significant role in the American Revolution. In 1780, during the Southern Campaign, the British occupied the region, prompting local militias to organize and resist. Notable events, such as the Battle of Black Creek, the Battle of Mount Elon, and the Battle of Williamson’s Plantation, unfolded on the soil of Darlington County, highlighting the bravery and determination of its residents.
With the conclusion of the American Revolution, Darlington experienced a period of growth and prosperity fueled by agriculture. The fertile land and favorable climate enabled the cultivation of crops such as cotton, tobacco, and indigo. The emergence of cotton as a cash crop during the early 19th century ushered in an era of unprecedented wealth and transformed the social and economic fabric of the region.
The mid-19th century witnessed a transformative period for Darlington with the arrival of the railroad, linking Charleston and the coastal regions to the rest of the state and beyond. The rail industry spurred industrialization, leading to the establishment of cotton mills, sawmills, and other manufacturing enterprises. The burgeoning industrial sector brought jobs, prosperity, and increased urbanization to Darlington.
Darlington, like many other cities in the United States, grappled with the complexities of racial segregation and inequality during the 20th century. The African American community, led by local activists and organizations, fought for equal rights, fair treatment, and social justice. Their efforts, alongside the broader Civil Rights Movement, helped to dismantle the walls of segregation and fostered positive change in Darlington.
Darlington’s rich cultural heritage is a tapestry woven from the diverse backgrounds and traditions of its inhabitants. The city celebrates its history through numerous festivals, including the Darlington Car Hauler Parade and RaceFest, which pay homage to the NASCAR heritage that thrives in the area. Additionally, the annual South Carolina Sweet Potato Festival and the Darlington Gospel Festival showcase the vibrant arts, music, and culinary traditions that make the community unique.